10th Grade – Lesson 2
10th Grade
Science Concept: Changes In The States of Matter
Matter can be changed from one form to another by heating or cooling. A change of state is therefore caused by a change in temperature and consequently a change in the kinetic energy of the particles.
Melting – When a solid is heated, the particles gain kinetic energy and begin to vibrate more vigorously. Eventually, the particles can overcome the strong forces of attraction between them and move more freely and further apart forming a liquid.
Evaporation – Evaporation is when a liquid changes to a vapor (gas), caused by an increase in temperature. When a liquid is heated, the particles gain kinetic energy and begin to move faster. Some of the particles near the surface of the liquid have enough energy to overcome the forces of attraction and can leave the liquid and become a vapor.
Boiling – Boiling differs from evaporation in that it takes place throughout the liquid. Once a liquid has started to boil, the temperature remains constant until all of the liquid particles have changed to a gas. All the energy is used by the particles to overcome the forces of attraction in the liquid to move further apart and become a gas.
Condensation – When the temperature of a gas is lowered, the particles lose kinetic energy and begin to move slowly. The forces of attraction now become more significant causing the particles to move closer together, forming a liquid.
Freezing – when the temperature of a liquid is lowered the particles lose kinetic energy and begin to move slowly. The forces of attraction between the particles become stronger causing the particles to move even closer together, forming a solid.
Sublimation – When the forces of attraction between the particles in a solid are weak, the addition of a small amount of heat can cause the solid to change directly into a gas without passing through the liquid phase. If the gas is then cooled it can change directly back into the solid. This is called sublimation.
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Concept Reinforcement Questions:
Relate how temperature can affect the change of states of matter
(Explain to your parent)
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Supplementary Teaching Video Link:
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Math Questions
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Scratch Software
Create a Scratch animation project which differentiates correctly among the terms melting, evaporating, boiling, condensation, freezing and sublimation
